A Guide to Persuasive Essay Topics for Middle Schoolers

A Guide to Persuasive Essay Topics for Middle Schoolers Persuasive essay topics don't always need to be of a severe nature, you can write about things that are linked in your life. The more information you are able to gather about the subject, the better prepared you'll be for writing your essay. There are several good persuasive essay topics to pick from. There are a few great topics to take into account when selecting topic for your argumentative essay. If you fret about the characteristic of your essay as well as you're worrying about whether you can locate a paper writer you may trust, you have arrived at the correct location. As an example, let's say you select the very first topic from our list. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. At length, if you are supposed to write and essay but have very little knowledge or interest in the topic, remember there are lots of custom essay writers which will gladly do the task for you. The Argument About Persuasive Essay Topics for Middle Schoolers Essays are sometimes a difficult assignment for many students. An argumentative essay is a sort of academic papers that students write in the center school. Training to compose essays on various topics is going to be the ideal preparation to the exam. SATs ought to be eliminated. School tests aren't powerful. As an example, students could opt to argue for the accession of a pool or far better school lunches. All students ought to be asked to take a performing arts class. They should be required to learn sewing. They should be required to take a shop or practical arts class. Kids ought to be able to vote. Children should be asked to read more. They watch too much television. Children under 14 shouldn't be allowed on Facebook. Top Persuasive Essay Topics for Middle Schoolers Secrets Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, overall, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no real means to provide a free college education as colleges would still must be funded (likely through tax dollars). You might become a thriving person without having a very good education. Still, in regards to practice, not every student can think of an ideal speech in only a day or two. A minumum of one parent should work at home. It's only normal to be anxious about hiring an on-line essay writer as you can not ever be sure whether you are employing the appropriate service or not. If you have sufficient time and desire, log in your account and get in contact with your writer. A trusted writing services business can assist you with all that. Some authors say it's not a crime as it's paint and paint is a means to express feelings, so it's an art. Students arguing that phones ought to be allowed in class must think objectively about the subject, and also have to be ready to compromise on how they're used and the limits of their usage. All museums ought to be free to the general public. Also, don't forget that you'll have to offer some factual evidence for your opinion (after all, any academic paper needs to be supported by academically recognized sources), thus don't go for subjects which are purely opinionated and don't have any possibility of justification. In the majority of instances, your lecturers may select the topic for you already. Consider the local evening news program and why you ought to be chosen as the student reporter. Students would be asked to brainstorm the advantages and disadvantages of allowing cell phones in class. They will find it easier to write about topics that they are interested in, and it will make the researching process much simpler. All students ought to be asked to volunteer locally.

Analysis Of The Poem Perro - 1134 Words

â€Å"Perro!† Maria called as she wandered the deep, dense forest of Mexico. As she walked along the hidden trail in her torn pale, blue skirt, tan top, and long, thick, black hair sweeping behind her. A still rustle of a nearby bush triggered her curiosity. Maria slowly stooped over and parted the thick, scratchy leaves and there lay Perro enjoying a duck wing. â€Å"Come Perro we mustn t be late, Don’t you want to get praise from home for this duck.† Sprinting through vines, spider webs, and marshy land they finally where in view of the small town of cardboard, it wasn t much, but to Maria it was home. â€Å"Maria!† squealed a tiny woman. â€Å"Oh mama, I missed you.† You see, Maria had been away in the dark sketchie forest on a hunting trip, trying to†¦show more content†¦As she pondered the strange words in her mind, repeating them over and over again. Still lying on the old destroyed mattress lifeless, died. The hours passed and she mi ssed the football game. Now you need to know that football is soccer, and soccer is football in Mexico. Strange, right? Slowly drifting away, words a swirling wind of nothing and suddenly sleeping soundly. If you can’t tell, the thought of school frightened her. Not knowing or understanding what was going to happen, confused, it was a blizzard of uncertainty swirling about her. The following morning the crisp air and golden sun flowed brilliantly into her room through the open window. The posts of the window where scratched up wood with an old part of a blond colored sheet covering it. Her sleepy eyes blinked slowly as the day began. After a whole evening and morning with the thought of school, a tornado of yes, no, maybe, and back again spiraling around. This went on about the dreary feeling morning. Her usual smile upside down and the sides drooping far down. When she finally got up and out of the rickety, springy feeling frame of the puffy stuffing, cloud like bed. Hesitantly climbing down the ladderShow MoreRelatedPablo Neruda2632 Words   |  11 PagesInside the syllables I want to touch the fire in the sound: I want to feel the darkness of the cry. I want words as rough as virgin rocks. Verbo Voy a arrugar esta palabra, voy a torcerla , sà ­, es demasiado lisa, es como si un gran perro o un gran rà ­o le hubiera repasado lengua o agua durante muchos aà ±os. Quiero que en la palabra se vea la aspereza, la sal ferruginosa la fuerza desdentada de la tierra, la sangre de los que hablaron y de los que no hablaron.

Static vs Dynamic It/242 free essay sample

As a network administrator for a company, you want to configure an IP route between two routers. Of static and dynamic routing, which is more appropriate? ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Explain your answer in 200 to 300 words. I think that the best routing choice for this would be a static IP; this is because for a company you may want to have the ability to check the log for problems. Using a dynamic IP would mean that the people that logged on to their device would be almost invisible because they could simply log off and log back on to get a new IP address thus making it much harder to find someone on the network doing something wrong. When using a dynamic routing it would be much easier since you could change the subnet and it would be as if nothing ever changed the computer would still be able to access everything. But in the long run a static IP is much more ideal for a company, dynamic is more along the lines of a 56k dial-up connection. We will write a custom essay sample on Static vs Dynamic It/242 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Static is also much more reliable for voice over the internet as well as the ideal choice for any server because of the speed it gives for uploading files. The other great thing is you could hid your IP (since it does not change) you may not want people to know the address, you could easily hide it from people who send out emails that you do not want, also known as spam. It could be an issue if your IP was ever discovered, since it does not change but all in all I think that it would be an ideal choice from the many other features that it can offer the company this my reasoning in choosing static over dynamic.

The Sand Box Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

The Sand Box Canndice Green English 102 November 29, 1999 In reading Edward Albee's The Sandbox directly out of the text, it seemed to be a trite and dull play. I was left with feeling after I read the play in the book, that if anything this boring could get published so could I some time in the future. Yet, to see it performed live by my fellow classmates, it revealed much of the dynamics of that family. In being able to see it performed among my classmates; my actual opinion of the play did modify. I was able to be more open and understanding to the message and the actual motivation of the play. My original opinion of this play was that if was of a family that was too busy to care about the needs of the elderly grandmother. It had managed to rap itself so tightly in the daily bind not to care about any actual member of the family that could be sick or aging. A family that had established itself to a point that having to contend with the grandmother throws the entire situation off. In seeing the play performed live I grew to understand that my original assumption was precise yet, there was more going on than I read. It is a family that is dealing with having to cope with an elderly parent. The roles of parenting have changed the child has now become the parent. It about a family has to cope and re-adjust their lives to manage the new person. Also a problem with dealing with the elderly is dealing with the fact that they are closer to death. The realities that the Mom would be losing her own mother soon, which leaves some harsh feelings. Death is an actual theme that I could tell throughout the play. The play confronts being alive and how to behave with the awareness of death. It calls the reader and the people who will view the play live, not to live in fear of death that it is such a natural next step of life. It is has some streaks of optimism, because the play makes the assumption that it is possible to communicate with other people. That in the end the natural element that makes life a workable situation is to be able to talk to each other. The play is a good example of a family dealing with change and transition. It is a family that is adjusting to the change of a loved one. The play allows the reader from dark humored perspective understand the pain an anger of old aged. It would be the definition of the song the Little of Lady from Pasadena how as we get older we do slow down but grow. I found the play to be a good look at the current trends in society. That this society has a problem with how to treat the elderly, how to respect the wealth of knowledge that they have. This society has a function to serve the young and when the elderly hit a certain point they have used the potential and a discarded. The play reflects modern trends on the elderly and the perspective of how they are dealt with. Technology Essays

Free Essays on Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

Reasons for Europe’s First Coming to Africa: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade From the early 1400’s Portugal and other European countries were looking for a way to go around paying high Muslim prices for goods from the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean. Prince Henry the Navigator designed a plan to go around Africa, instead of through it, to get directly to the market. By the end of the 15th century Portugal had made it around the southern tip of the continent, up the East African coast and on to India, but not within any African contact. As they sailed down Africa, hugged her coast, the Portuguese baptized certain areas, forcing Africans to recognize their authority. Although European influence remained along much of the East African coast they could not gain political control, which still belonged to the Arabs and Africans. This contact with Africa led to the Atlantic Ocean Slave Trade. Portugal did not set out to start the Trans-Atlantic slave trade but with the discovery of the New World and evolution of the plantation system there was a need for labor. The Portuguese had already started sugar plantations on offshore islands where they used African labor and took them back to England so, even before the settlement of the Americas, Europe witnessed the development of black slavery. The Europeans, who always traveled without their wives, married African women and had children. This gave birth to the class of Mulattoes who were apart of two cultures, African and European. They used their knowledge of African language and culture to help their European fathers in capturing and enslaving other Africans. As the demand increased settlers and mulattoes of the offshore islands supplied many slaves by launching raids on the mainland. Unfortunately, the kidnapping could not fill the increasing demand for slaves in the Americas. Also, the Portuguese wanted to continue trade with the Africans, which cou... Free Essays on Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Free Essays on Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Reasons for Europe’s First Coming to Africa: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade From the early 1400’s Portugal and other European countries were looking for a way to go around paying high Muslim prices for goods from the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Indian Ocean. Prince Henry the Navigator designed a plan to go around Africa, instead of through it, to get directly to the market. By the end of the 15th century Portugal had made it around the southern tip of the continent, up the East African coast and on to India, but not within any African contact. As they sailed down Africa, hugged her coast, the Portuguese baptized certain areas, forcing Africans to recognize their authority. Although European influence remained along much of the East African coast they could not gain political control, which still belonged to the Arabs and Africans. This contact with Africa led to the Atlantic Ocean Slave Trade. Portugal did not set out to start the Trans-Atlantic slave trade but with the discovery of the New World and evolution of the plantation system there was a need for labor. The Portuguese had already started sugar plantations on offshore islands where they used African labor and took them back to England so, even before the settlement of the Americas, Europe witnessed the development of black slavery. The Europeans, who always traveled without their wives, married African women and had children. This gave birth to the class of Mulattoes who were apart of two cultures, African and European. They used their knowledge of African language and culture to help their European fathers in capturing and enslaving other Africans. As the demand increased settlers and mulattoes of the offshore islands supplied many slaves by launching raids on the mainland. Unfortunately, the kidnapping could not fill the increasing demand for slaves in the Americas. Also, the Portuguese wanted to continue trade with the Africans, which cou...

Montana-class Battleships - US Navy - World War II

Montana-class Battleships - US Navy - World War II Montana-class(BB-67 to BB-71) - Specifications Displacement: 66,040 tons Length: 920 ft., 6 in. Beam:  121 ft. Draft:  36 ft., 1 in. Propulsion:  8 Ãâ€" Babcock Wilcox 2-drum express type boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines,   4 Ãâ€" 43,000  hp Turbo-electric transmission  turning 4 propellers Speed:  28 knots Armament (Planned) 12 Ãâ€" 16-inch (406  mm)/50 cal Mark 7 guns (4  Ãƒâ€" 3)20 Ãâ€" 5-inch (127  mm)/54 cal Mark 16 guns10–40 Ãâ€" Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft guns56 Ãâ€" Oerlikon 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons Montana-class(BB-67 to BB-71) - Background: Recognizing the role that a naval arms race had played in the run up to World War I, leaders from several key nations gathered in November 1921 to discuss preventing a recurrence in the postwar years.   These conversations produced the Washington Naval Treaty in February 1922 which placed limits on both ship tonnage and the overall size of the signatories fleets.   As a result of this and subsequent agreements, the US Navy halted battleship construction for over a decade after the completion of the Colorado-class USS West Virginia (BB-48) in December 1923.   In the mid-1930s, with the treaty system unraveling, work began on the design of the new North Carolina-class.   With global tensions rising, Representative Carl Vinson,  Chairman of the House Naval Affairs Committee, pushed forward the Naval Act of 1938 which mandated a 20% increase in the US Navys strength.    Dubbed the Second Vinson Act, the bill allowed for the construction of four South Dakota-class battleships (South Dakota, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Alabama) as well as the first two ships of the Iowa-class (Iowa and New Jersey).   In 1940, with World War II underway in Europe, four additional battleships numbered BB-63 to BB-66 were authorized.   The second pair, BB-65 and BB-66 were initially slated to be the first ships of the new Montana-class.   This new design represented the US Navys response to Japans Yamato-class of super battleships which commenced construction in 1937.   With the passage of the Two-Ocean Navy Act in July 1940, a total of five Montana-class ships were authorized along with an additional two Iowas.   As a result, hull numbers BB-65 and BB-66 were assigned to the Iowa-class ships USS Illinois and USS Kentucky while the Montanas were renumbered BB-67 to BB-71.          Montana-class (BB-67 to BB-71) - Design: Concerned about rumors that the Yamato-class would mount 18 guns, work on the Montana-class design commenced in 1938 with specifications for a battleship of 45,000 tons.   Following early assessments by the Battleship Design Advisory Board, naval architects initially increased the new class displacement to 56,000 tons.   Additionally, the board requested that the new design be 25% stronger offensively and defensively than any existing battleship in the fleet and that it was permissible to exceed the beam restrictions imposed by the Panama Canal to obtain the desired results.   To obtain the additional firepower, designers armed the Montana-class with twelve 16 guns mounted in four three-gun turrets.   This was to be supplemented by a secondary battery of twenty 5/54 cal. guns placed in ten twin turrets.   Designed specifically for the new battleships, this type of 5 gun was intended to replace the existing 5/38 cal. weapons then in use. For protection, the Montana-class possessed a side belt of 16.1 while the armor on the barbettes was 21.3.   The employment of enhanced armor meant that the Montanas would be the only American battleships capable of being protected against the heaviest shells used by its own guns.   In this case, that was the super-heavy 2,700  lb. APC (armor piercing capped) shells fired by the 16/50 cal. Mark 7 gun.   The increase in armament and armor came at a price as naval architects were required to reduce the class top speed from 33 to 28 knots to accommodate the extra weight.   This meant that the Montana-class would not be able to serve as escorts for the fast Essex-class aircraft carriers or sail in concert with the three preceding classes of American battleships.    Montana-class (BB-67 to BB-71) - Fate: The Montana-class design continued to undergo refinements through 1941 and was finally approved in April 1942 with goal of having the ships operational in the third quarter of 1945.   Despite this, construction was delayed as the shipyards capable of building the vessels were engaged in constructing Iowa- and Essex-class ships.   After the Battle of the Coral Sea the following month, the first battle fought solely by aircraft carriers, the building of the Montana-class was indefinitely suspended as it became increasing clear that battleships would be of secondary importance in the Pacific.   In the wake of the decisive Battle of Midway, the entire Montana-class was cancelled in July 1942.   As a result, the Iowa-class battleships were the last battleships to be built by the United States. Montana-class (BB-67 to BB-71) - Intended Ships Yards: USS Montana (BB-67) - Philadelphia Naval ShipyardUSS Ohio (BB-68) - Philadelphia Naval ShipyardUSS Maine (BB-69) - New York Naval ShipyardUSS New Hampshire (BB-70) - New York Naval ShipyardUSS Louisiana (BB-71) - Norfolk Naval Shipyard The cancellation of USS Montana (BB-67) represented the second time a battleship named for the 41st state had been eliminated.   The first was a South Dakota-class (1920) battleship that was dropped due to the Washington Naval Treaty.   As a result, Montana became the only state (of the 48 then in the Union) never to have had a battleship named in its honor. Selected Sources: Military Factory: Montana-class BattleshipsGlobal Security: Montana-class Battleships

Business financial system analyst Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business financial system analyst - Essay Example The aim of this essay is to outline the business model that the business analyst develops in an effort to determine the projects potential success or failure or whether the risk free rate should be used as the alternative of the financial model. The investment sector chosen is the financial sector. Choice of Investment Financial sector can be defined as the stock category that contains the firms whose main job is the provision of services relating to finance to the commercial, as well as the retail customers. The sector comprises of entities ranging from banks, insurance companies, and investment funds to the real estate. As a business analyst, the choice to invest the 100 million United States dollars in the real estate and the investment funds was inevitable (Kolb, 2010). When making an investment choice, a number of items are considered to ensure that the investment will be profitable. The investor has to analyze the extent of risk that he or she can handle. For instance in choosi ng to buy bonds or shares, the risk is high since the funds are not insured. The investor has to choose the best investment mix or portfolio. Considering an investment mix is beneficial especially when the investor is protecting or guarding against unanticipated losses. The assets allocation should be carried out in a way that the risk is spread and high to ensure higher returns. The investor has to consider diversifying the investments to ensure that the risk of losses is not extreme. For instance, it is advised that the investor should not make hug investments in one sector of the economy. Otherwise should the sector fail, all his or her investment s would be submerged. With this knowledge, the investor decided to make the following decision. Money's 60 % was invested in the building of a prominent rental building in the outskirts of Chicago while the remaining 40 million dollars were invested in purchases of bonds of the Microsoft and the Unilever companies (Lockie, 2013). Having chosen the investment portfolio, it is significant to note that financial stability is therefore, crucial when it comes to sustaining economic growth. Economic growth in this case refers to the growth of the investment. In an effort to detect the vulnerability that exists in the financial system, macroprudential analysis model is recommended to be the best in analyzing the situation of a financial system. The analysis involves the identification of the financial soundness indicators and some of the methods that are used in their analysis (Robert, 2006). Macroprudential Analysis This is defined as the analysis of the economy that seeks to evaluate and examine the soundness of the financial system while taking into consideration the vulnerability and of a given financial system. The analysis involves the use of quantitative information mostly involving FSIs. The use of other indicators of the economy that give a broader picture in matters of financial and the economy is also recommen ded. Using this model I shall establish and investigate the linkages that exist between the real economic sector and the financial system (Mesonnier, 2012). The model will also assist in the scenario analysis and also in the testing of the stresses that may occur in this business investment field. Through the model, I will be able to note the system's sensitivity to the various economic shocks together with the resilience to the shocks. In a broader perspective, macroprudential

Dixie Industries Womens Group Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dixie Industries Womens Group - Case Study Example Dixie Industries, Inc has recently faced accusations from an ad hoc committee of female employees â€Å"of a continuing pervasive bias in promotions in favor of men†. The spokes person for this woman’s group Mrs. Linda S. Feldman, has written to the President of Dixie Industries to explain to him their concerns of their future promotional opportunities within Dixie Industries due to the company’s promotional practices. She has demanded a response from the President and the Executive Committee. The main problems faced by Dixie Industries and in need of addressing immediately, in this situation are; job action, the group could instigate a slow down, walk out or some other job action which will affect negatively the company’s ability to respond to customer orders and remain competitive; unionization; productivity, any job action would slow down productivity of the company which has already been below industry standards for the past year; publicity, exposure of these allegations would hurt the image of the company within the local community which would drive the stock prices down.... motivation. This in turn would affect the productivity and turn over of thecompany. The group may also seek community support by publicizing theissue through the media. Alternative 2 Dixie Industries could invite Mrs. Feldman and the women's group to meetwith the President and Executive Committee of the Company. At this meeting the President's views of providing definite equal opportunities for males andfemales given the possession of the necessary qualifications for any givendesignation could be explained and stressed to the group. Having identifiedand specified the groups main concerns, the DI leadership could appoint acommittee to look closely into these concerns together with the procedure andresults of the study done on this subject by the women's group. The DICommittee could conduct their own study and compile results from thatwhich could be compared with the study and results of the women's group.At the end of this process, both the Committee and the group could evaluatethe best possible actions to be taken for the betterment of the Company andthe employees. Recommendation I would definitely recommend the second alternative. By approaching theproblem in this way, Dixie Industries would; Avoid antagonizing the

Ethics in Group Counseling Essay Example for Free

Ethics in Group Counseling Essay Ethics is also termed as philosophy, which is a branch of philosophy that includes the systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of the right and wrong conducts. There are three major field of study within ethics that involves Metha-ethics that concerns with the theoretical meaning that are used to reference of moral propositions and their truth-values that can be determined, the normative ethics that concerns with the practical means of determining a moral course of action. Lastly is the applied ethics that concerns with what an individual is obligated to do in an appropriate situation or at a particular domain. This research paper can explore the various ethical issues that arise during a group session. There are certain ethical conditions that should be upheld in the panel session from the initial stages of the formation of the group to the working phase of the group. The group leader should be able to uphold definitive ethical, moral codes. Thus, the paper can enlighten the various ways that a group leader should act in the midst of a conflict as well as confidentiality within the group. In focusing on the ethical responsibility of members of a group it necessary to concentrate on the following topics that are explained as follows. Ethical Responsibility Ethical responsibility is the duty that follows the moral correct paths. The ethical responsibilities of the group entail that each member has the responsibility to be honest with other group members so that to be able to make decisions in the group sessions. It is necessary that there must be a clear moral standard from the outset. For instance, create and enforce a code of conduct that ensures that group members are treated fairly to avoid the appearance of unethical behaviors. The group leader should be able to ensure that there is transparency when dealing with group members. Also the ethical that you might feel you have, you should consider how the group‘s morality could affect the group productivity. Ethical Communication in  Small Groups Dealing with small groups work we major on focusing on getting the job done while maintain a reasonable relationship among group members. Ethics in a small group involve three levels whereby we have the individual group member, the group, and the group environment. Thus using ethics in a small group, it enhances the moral aspects of the group interaction. The ethical communication enables the human worthiness and the dignity by fostering the truthfulness, fairness, responsibility and enhancing the personal integrity. Thus, ethical communication in small groups is used for caring and accountability for oneself and other group members. Some other principles that are more applicable to small group communication involves: the truthfulness ,accuracy, honesty and provision of the integrity of communication, endorse freedom of expression and diversity of perspective together with the tolerance of dissent to be able to achieve the informed and responsible for making decision making fundament al to a civil society. Unethical communication causes threats to the quality of all communication and the consequently of the well-being of the individuals and the society. In addition, as a manager be able to create a promotion communication climate of caring and mutual understanding that exist with respect and uniqueness needs and characteristics of individuals communicator and be able to accept responsibilities for the short and long-term consequences. Ethics is more easily discussed than putting into real practice as demonstrated by San Jose Mercury stated that the increasing trend in an organization to integrate a code of ethics for daily activities. Ethical communication requires that an effective critical thinking skills, recognizing the importance of the diverse perspectives and respect for the well-being of self and other taking the responsibility for individual and the group actions and reflecting on the choices the group members can make.. Ethics in Group Counseling During the session of group counseling, consist of the psychiatric care that many patients meet more at therapist at a time. Each group has different topics that they wish to tackle for the growth that enhances the distinction of the financial issue that an individual counseling can be able to create.  The financial tights limit the delivery of the community agency for individual counseling. Focusing on the Barlow Research stated that group-counseling sessions are more successful than the individual ones. Thus by evaluating the various facts that the states that group counseling benefit more patients at one time as well as being used more than the individual counseling. Through McCarty studies, they were able to answer questions that were concerning the indicator of the importance of group counseling as compared to individual counseling. They described the positive aspect of the group counseling as well as stipulating the negative side of the group counseling. The positive results of the group counseling involve the developing of the social skills among the group due to a safe environment in which the group members can share their thoughts feelings and ideas. In addition, the aspect that concerns the patients to be able to receive a positive feedback from their own group mate as well as various perspective on a similar issue, the group members can enhance to learn new ways in order to see a particular problem. Considering the negative aspects of the group therapy involves the clients were not speaking during a group therapy session since they are too shy to share their views in the front of other individuals. The other aspect consists of group settings and the benefits that are more important in the individual setting. The other aspect involves the issue of time which is limited and the group and the group sessions do not have flexibility date setting, thus any session that is placed by the counselor should be mandatory and set in the panel settings Characteristics of an Ethical Leader During the group, counseling session there must be proper individuals that are trained and equipped in an efficient manner to lead during the session. The individual that lead the session is considered as a leader who addresses the various issues that arise during the session. Some research that was done by Kalshoven and Hugh wanted to determine the individual characteristics that a leader requires that to lead an effective a counseling session. They stated that the major features of the ethical leader were both agreeable and conscientious. In their study, they proposed that a leader possess the traits whereby the manager requires the features to ethical standards in the counseling session. Another study that was done  by Riggio stated that the two important moral emotions that a leader must possess is the empathy for their clients as well as compassion for the individual wellbeing. Jacobs in his literature book stated strongly that leaders in group counseling must be at a state to have skills in organizing and planning the counseling sessions in order to keep orders and maintain the structure of the group. As a counselor, he/she must be able to answer the challenging question that can arise and ensure a complete knowledge understanding. The counselor should be able to understand the counseling theory to enhance proper training that can assist in the implementation of the ethical foundations. Primary Planning The counselor should be given proper training in advance with the aim of ensuring an effective ways in the counseling session. Thus, the counselor is required to attend a counseling session to have the insight to the future issues and the dilemmas they might face. Thus in the participation of that session it allows them to coin and gain the understanding and the perspective. According to Corey, the study suggested that for a minimum of 10 hours of observation and taking notes of the session. This paramount process enables the counselor to be involved in ethical decision-making and well-organized knowledge. The area of jurisdiction must be satisfactory to the counselor by screening the patients before joining the group, in a move to avoid disruption and hurting the whole group at the end of the process. During the screening session, it entailed answering, unsettled questions at the stipulated time. Further, there must be an alignment with the purpose of the group as well as make the t eam leader who will be able to meet the needs of the client as much as possible. The process of planning entails alignment of the client and counselor so that the customer will be free to the counselor to give out and share the deep and times emotions. Once the process of screening is finished, there is an informed consent section. The client that discusses what issues they will be able to encounter during the counseling sessions. The preliminary role of these step, it enables the disclosure of information to the group members to inform the clients the pros and cons of joining the group. It is also suggested that the informed consent section has potential risks that the members might face while in a group therapy session. It is well explained by the Corey survey, which  states that some clients might experience their privacy, which is a guarantee that the other member will respect their privacy The informed consent is usually presented to customers in a written and oral manner so that the clients can be completely informed of what they will encounter so that to avoid surprises when the sessions begin. In the consent, the clients are required to contain the role expectations of colleagues and the leader, the policies and the procedures that are governing the mandated group, the documentation requirements and the procedures for the consultation between group leader and the group members. Open or Closed Group It is stated that it beneficial to choose the group counseling since it is better to make a decision. There are supportive reasons to those suggestions that cause the more efficient counseling method. At first, the counselor can reach out a larger group of people. Instead of focusing much time on one person, we assist the lives of many other than concentrating on a single individual. Through group counseling, it benefits both the client and the counselor since it creates a great way to build a community and stimulate the counseling session. Secondly, the group counseling is more effective since the counselor can build his/her leadership skills this is created because of the counselors can encounter various problems and through making mistakes, they can become stronger and efficient leaders as the session progresses. The third reason it beneficial for both the counselor and the group since the counselor can be able to raise his revenue through obtaining a group counselling session as compared to one person and the member of the group can save money as well. Also, the cost of individual counseling is expensive as compared to the panel session The last reason to consider the group session is such that it is much effective since the counselor can continually learn experiment and strive to make a difference in the life of a client. Group Processes According to Corey, he stated that in-group counseling the issue of conflict within counseling in a group is common. The topic at times is inevitable within the group when you have personal clashing and perspectives within the group. However, according to Jacobs warned that the issues that are dealing with the denominator, negative member, and the overwhelming chronic talker,  and some issues of asking a member to leave are expected to arise in the counseling setting. Thus, it is important to note that some of the problems do not solely happen in the group setting but may happen as well in the personal counseling setting session. Therefore, the most important issue about conflict is not the conflict itself but how the counselor will be able to deal ethically with the issue when it arises. Thus, a great tool that one should use is to list all the conflict issues that they may arise and then gain the insight as to how to solve the issue ethically. In addition, it is desirable to seek advice from other colleagues about the tactics that may be used in the sessions to resolve the issues. The counselor is supposed to develop either an open or closed session group setting. Whereby in the public group setting session the members of the group are allowed to go and come at their own pleasure. Nevertheless, in the closed group sessions the member is required to be a continuance of the attendance throughout the designated sessions. Close relationship should be built on the counselor as well as a close relationship in-between the other group members as stated by the Forsyth who stated that the aspect of cohesion when conducting the issue of evaluation the leader must activity gain the virtue to keep the group in a cohesiveness mode. The ethical questions that arise from a closed group therapy sessions show the ability for the client to leave at any point. According to Corey, stated that a member should choose to leave the counseling session then that must openly let the group and the counselor must know that they wish to exit and the reason they exiting the group. It can be done in order not to harm the homeostatic environment of the group. Thus when the team member does not do this, it can harm the rest of the group and disrupt the growth process that there is among the group. It leads to a critical ethical topic that must be addressed in the every counseling group that is the issue of com fidelity. As a counselor it safe to uphold the confidentiality of the group members, this can lead to the group members being shy about sharing certain area their lives. There are certain aspects that the counselor can break in the confidential barriers While in the individual counseling, it involves talking personal feeling thoughts and behaviors and the things that are troubling and spend time in talking about the individual relationship with others. Your counselor will work with you to be able to set goals and the things you require to be accomplished  together. The counselor assists you to develop different strategies that can assist you to be able to reach the personal goals. In some cases, it could mean changing the pattern of thinking, learning new skills, changing the behaviors, and shifting the way you feel and express the emotions. References American Psychological Association. Publication manual of the American PsychologicalAssociation (Current ed.) Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Association for Specialists in Group Work. (2007). Best Practice guidelines 2007 revision. Retrieved from http://asgw.org/pdf/Best_Practices.pdf Baurhan, S., Smith, J., Steen. S.(2008). The preparation of the professional school counselors for group work. The Journal for Specialists in Group work, 33(3), 253-269 DOI 10.1080/01933920802196120 Booker, B., Henfield M., Steen S. (2014).The achieving success everyday group counseling model: implication for professional school counselors. The Journal for Specialists in Group work, 39(1), 29-46. DOI 101080101933922.2013.861886 Brigman, G., Campbell,C.(2005). Closing the Achievement Gap: A structured approach to group counseling, The Journal for Specialists in Group work, 30(1) ,67-82. DOI 10.1080/01933920590908705 Corey, G., Corey, M., Haynes, R. (2014). Groups in action: Evolution and challenges (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. ISBN: 9781285095059 Cornish, M., Post, B., Wade, N. (2014). Religion and spirituality in group counseling: beliefs and preferences of university counseling center clients. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice. 18(1), 55-68 DOI 10.1037/a0034759 Hartman, D., Zimberoff,D.(2012). Ethics in heart-centered therapies. Journal of Heart Centered Therapies, 15(1). Jacobs, E. E., Masson, R. L., Harvill, R. L., Schimmel, C. J. (2012). Group counseling: Strategies and skills (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. Petrini, C. (2013). Professional ethics between the individual and society. Physical TherapyReviews, 18(2), 142-143. Stuckton, R. (2010). The art and science of group counseling: The Journal for Specialists in Group work, 35(4), 324-330. DOI 101080101933922.2010.515904

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Essay -- LTTE women fighters

Charlotte Bronte writes in the famous novel Jane Eyre, â€Å"I am no bird; and no net ensnares me: I am a free human being with an independent will†. As the writer shows the freedom wills is rooted into the woman and they fight for their independence based on their situation. But most of the Asian culture defending the rights and portraying the women into the frames of concerned, beautiful, caring, weak and under estimating them. Women are expected to play a conservative role in the community. Especially they considered as the ‘Honor’ of the family who is responsible for preserving the prestige of the family. While it is true that women are beautiful, care and concern, it does not necessarily compulsion to determine this feature only define the woman. To deteriorate the subordination of women to men, a gang of women stood up against the violence where the whole world was stunned and surprised. It was a Sri Lankan Tamil nation diaspora named Liberation Tigers of Ta mil Eelam (LTTE) with female fighters who wanted to overcome social and cultural norms. They proved the nation as well as the whole world, that they, as women, are no longer inferiors to men. The involvement of LTTE Tamil female fighters in the battle of secession challenged the patriarchal social structure of Sri Lanka. The LTTE women fighters changed the conservative appearance of the Sri Lankan women to reflect the gender equality within the society. Generally a Sri Lankan Tamil woman is expected to be into the house, noiseless, conservative and must admit her whole life to the family. Especially through being conservative means to wear her traditional dress (Saree), having Bindi, a decoration worn by women and jewelries to reflect her cultural identity. In contrast, the L... ...about Iraq war and women. Mostly this source refers the international information not my included topic of essay. I cited this to compare the LTTE women fighters with the international fighters and women. So I quoted on line. For comparing obviously this source gives me evidence. Overall this source is not that much needed for this essay. Wang, Peng. â€Å"Women in the LTTE: Birds of Freedom or Cogs in the Wheel?† Journal of Politics and law, Mar 2011. Web. 05 Feb. 2014. This is also a scholarly journal about LTTE and women fighters that describes well about the battle of the secession. This article is clearly depicts about the floor for the battle and its consequences. But this journal failed to differentiate the equality of the women in the battle and emancipation. So this article not that much used for my argument but it helps to know about the battle background.

Promoting Alcohol on Tv Essay

Alcoholism is the excessive and usually uncontrollable use of alcoholic drinks. There are many symptoms, complications, treatments and ways of prevention for alcoholism. Certain groups of people may be at a greater risk than others for several different reasons. There are numerous factors in why people may become addicted. Usually, a variety of factors contribute to the development of alcoholism. Social factors such as the influence of peers, family, society, the availability of alcohol, mental illness, stress, and not knowing how to cope with certain situations. It’s a common thing for an alcoholic to think drinking is the answer to all their problems, but in retrospect drinking is only adding to the multiple complications caused by being a compulsive drinker. Research has been done to explore the reason behind why people drink. However, â€Å"Exactly how alcohol affects the brain and the likelihood of reversing the impact of heavy drinking on the brain remain hot topics in alcohol research today. † (NIAAA) The effects of alcoholism have been divided into groups. There are physical effects, psychological effects and effects that contribute to many other health, safety, social and econimical problems. Some physical effects of excessively drinking alcohol can be extremely serious, or even fatal. One physical effect of alcoholism is causing cancer in the liver, kidney and stomach. Alcohol abuse is the leading factor to developing Cirrhosis of the liver. Alcohol related Cirrhosis usually develops after more then almost a decade of heavy drinking, but for some it may develop quicker; all depending on how your body reacts to alcohol. â€Å"In cirrhosis of the liver, scar tissue replaces normal, healthy tissue, blocking the flow of blood through the organ and preventing it from working as it should. Cirrhosis is the twelfth leading cause of death by disease, killing about 26,000 people each year. † Another physical effect of alcoholism is the altering of nutrients digestions which your body needs in order to remain healthy. Another physical damage that alcohol abuse brings is damaging of the neurons and thereby causing body movement alterations, depression and loss of appetite. Since drinking too much alcohol can raise some fats in the blood, that means it can also lead to high blood pressure, heart failure, and increased calorie intake which could lead to the development of diabetes. Liver diseases and illnesses aren’t the only complications of long term alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse can also lead to birth defects. The most sever cases of birth defects are Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopment Disorder. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is what can happen when a woman drinks an excessive amount of alcohol during the pregnancy. It’s been estimated that one in every seven hundred and fifty infants is born with a patterns of physical, developmental, and functional problems referring to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Some symptoms of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome may include premature birth weight, developmental delay, learning difficulties, and behavioral problems. Alcoholism also causes psychological effects as it changes your normal behavior and this is when you feel anxious and become depressed. Other psychological effects of alcoholism include violence, suicide, family and legal problems. Alcohol abuse can also cause economic effects. This is because getting an alcoholic drink is not cheap. If you drink several drinks on a daily basis you will definitely notice that you are spending a lot of money that can be used for other important stuff. An alarming amount of accidents, crimes and suicides, are the result of alcohol abuse by one or more family members. The latest death statistics released by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), In the United States, in 2010, more than 10,000 people died in alcohol-impaired driving crashes. That is equivalent to one every 51 minutes. Alcohol-impaired motor vehicle crashes cost more than an estimated $37 billion annually. These statistics are avoidable by not abusing alcohol or drinking in an environment that puts others at risk of becoming a statistic. Alcoholism is just as damaging to family members as it is to the alcoholic. Adult Children of Alcoholics often are in denial that their problems come from there parents or parent being an alcoholic. Many of them have severe problems with depression, aggression, or impulsive behavior. Most children of alcoholics make poor career choices and aren’t capable of being responsible parents, because they weren’t raised correctly themselves. Due to the large amount of money spent on alcohol and also possible joblessness the family may have to give up certain privileges that a non-alcoholic family wouldn’t. Being an alcoholic can totally disrupt family life and cause harmful effects that can last a lifetime. Thousands of alcoholics are helped to stop drinking every year. The chances of recovery are good if alcohol abuse or alcoholism is treated in its early or middle stages. Unfortunately, most alcoholics do not receive treatment therefore; over 90 percent of them will die as a result of their alcoholism. On the more positive side about 700,000 Americans receive alcoholism treatment on any given day. However, the techniques of alcoholism therapy only work if the patient is ready to seek help. One of the most traditional ways for an alcoholic to seek treatment is through the Alcoholic Anonymous 12 step program. Other then AA, there are many different programs available to help a person trying to seek recovery. Alcoholism is a disease that could consume ones life, but with support and treatment, many individuals are able to stop drinking and rebuild their lives. Work Cited Page â€Å"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism†. 2007. NIAAA. July. 2007 Article Source: http://EzineArticles. com/? expert=Susan_B_Ward http://www. nhtsa. gov/Impaired.

How Harry Potter Changed the World

Communication paper Harry Potter When I was young, I went to school waiting all day to get back to my Super Nintendo and play Ken Griffey Jr baseball. I grew up in a world of technology and awesome gadgets and toys that left me no time to even think about reading. When I was in the 4th grade a book came out that changed my generations view on reading; this book made it cool and fun for kids to read. This book was Harry Potter and twelve years later it is more popular than ever before. Harry Potter is the worlds most popular book series, and some people that it has saved reading (Sperling,1).Harry Potter is also the most successful film series of all time, surpassing Star Wars and the James Bond series (Miller, 1). Harry Potter has had an incredible impact, not only on the younger generations, but on all the generations in our society. In this paper I will argue that Harry Potter is the novel of a generation and sparked social change. The first Harry Potter book came out in 1997 in Eu rope and 1998 in the United States. And since then it has become a multi-billion dollar brand (Watson and Keller, 1). Potter was instantly a hit and our culture caught the Harry Potter craze.People fell in love with the first book; parents claimed that it saved reading(Sperling,1). Harry Potter changed the priority of millions of children; instead of rushing home to play video games or watch TV, kids were sitting on the steps of their schools reading Harry Potter. All one needs to do is look at the numbers, and you will see the amount of impact that Harry Potter has had on the world let alone Americas culture. The Harry Potter series has sold more than 325 million copies worldwide in more than 90 countries (BBC,1).The Harry Potter movie’s have continuously grossed more than 500 million dollars. Popularity is not everything, but people love Harry Potter and there is a lot more to the books than just a terrific story. Many people look into the stories and see how these books co uld shape our culture. Many parents and religious leaders wanted Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone banned because they said that the book opened up children’ s minds to the occult and other thing that would push them away from God (Barbra, 1). The first Harry Potter book opened people up power that had not been seen since Huckleberry Fin.The book had turned into something bigger than just another children’s book, the book had started a cultural debate. Harry Potter is literary genius and brought countless of kids to reading, and still people felt that it was from the Devil and was actually harming kids. These debates made it to the news, and they were discussed among many parents. This book started off with a cultural bang, and laid the landscape for what would become the great debate of Harry Potter. The Harry Potter phenomenon sparked a conversation that not many books have sparked.How much power should a novel have on the choices that children make (O‘ Brie n, 1)? There are many people who believe that Harry Potter is having a persuasive negative effect on our younger generation. These people believe that Harry Potter is clouding our younger generations ability to decipher between good and evil (O’ Brien, 1). Some of the accusations that have been brought against Harry Potter seem pretty ridiculous to me, but you have to respect the fact that many people in this world feel that Harry Potter is a bad influence. Harry Potter has sparked a debate over if the book is good or bad for our culture.Most of these groups that believe that Harry Potter has a negative effect on our society are religious groups. Religious groups have a fear that the youth of this generation will look at the Harry Potter books instead of the Bible. This is the perfect example to show that Harry Potter is culturally relevant and changing the way people view books and their impact on society. There are many groups that have taken a more positive light on the Ha rry Potter books. These groups take the Harry Potter message just as seriously as the religious groups but they see these books as a spark to positive social change.The Harry Potter Alliance is one of the names of the groups that seek to bring positive change in the name of Potter. Don’t let the name fool you, these groups are serious about bringing change. The vision statement of the Harry Potter Alliance is: â€Å"Just as Dumbledore’s Army wakes the world up to Voldemort’s return, works for equal rights of house elves and werewolves, and empowers its members, we: Work with partner NGO’s to alerting the world to the dangers of global warming, poverty, and genocide. Work with our partners for equal rights regardless, of race, gender and sexuality.Encourage our members to hone the magic of their creativity in endeavoring to make the word a better place. Join our army to make the world a safer, more magical place, and let your voice be heard. (Belser, 1)â €  This quote gives you a glimpse into the seriousness of the Harry Potter Alliance. This group is putting their mission statement into action. When Haiti was struck by the awful earthquake in January the HPA raised 123,000 dollars in two weeks (Belser, 1). The HPA has also donated more than 55,000 books since 2009 (Belser, 1).This organization is striving for change, and this group was founded on principles that were learned from the Harry Potter books. A novel has changed the way people look at the world. JK Rowling may not have meant to follow in the footsteps of Charles Dickens and his story A Christmas Carol, but she has. She has opened the minds of many different cultures and sparked social change. The Harry Potter Alliance is an extreme example of how Harry Potter has opened the minds of its readers, but there are many more subtle ways on how Harry Potter has changed its readers.Harry Potter teaches its readers about true friendship, loyalty, hope, and standing up for what you believe in. Those are qualities that most parents want for their children and those are the qualities that Harry Potter is teaching our younger generation. Harry Potter has changed American culture. One might argue that Harry Potter is just a book and books cannot change the culture it is the people who read the book that change the culture. That would demean the power that the novel has.There is a power that Harry Potter has and it is hard to deny it. Harry Potter is a phenomenon because it was able to catch the attention of a generation that many people feared were straying away from literature. Potter reached a culture that was all about the media for entertainment, there was a fear that novels were a dying breed. The Power of Potter proved that kids of the 21st century could still be moved by literature. That’s why Harry Potter is the book of a generation. Harry Potter has sparked a social change and brought a love for literature

Thomas Hart Benton essays

Thomas Hart Benton essays Thomas Hart Benton is one of Americas most renowned artists. Benton was famous for his painting style and his murals. Benton believed that art was an excellent way to depict everyday life for everyday people in America. Benton was a champion of the people and rebelled against the rich and powerful. Though he studied the newer art movements of the time such as cubism and modernism he quickly dropped those styles. Benton felt the newer art styles were of no help to him in showing life on the farm and small communities as he grew up in. Benton also felt the modern art styles were not directed to the common person. Benton thought that art should be for everyday people and reflect those peoples lives and lifestyles. Benton was a man who stood his ground as you can see in his expression on his Shelf Portrait. He was determined to express himself his own way. Later he became part of the art movement known as American Regionalism. Regionalists turned their backs on the abstract style of the time. They chose to show the common people and the world around them. Other famous Regionalists include Grant Wood and John Stewart Curry. Regionalists not only showed the world around them, they also depicted historical events. Benton was born in Neosho, Missouri in 1889. He was the son of Congressman Maecerias E. Benton and the grandnephew of Missouris first senator, Thomas Hart Benton, for whom he was named. Benton received his first formal art lessons from the Corcoran Gallery in Washington D.C. while his father served in congress. Later, he attended the Chicago Art Institute, then at the Academic Julien in Paris, France. While in Paris, he studied the old masters and became heavily influenced by the style of El Greco. Benton then returned to the states to work in New York. There he spent several years keeping company with the likes of famous photographer Alfred Stieglitz. ...

USS Utah (BB-31) in World War II

USS Utah (BB-31) in World War II USS Utah  (BB-31) - Overview: Nation:  United States Type:  Battleship Shipyard:  New York Shipbuilding, Camden, NJ Laid Down:  March 9, 1909 Launched:  December 23, 1909 Commissioned:  August 31, 1911 Fate:  Sunk during the attack on Pearl Harbor USS Utah (BB-31) - Specifications Displacement:  23,033  tons Length:  521  ft., 8 in. Beam:  88  ft., 3 in. Draft:  28  ft., 3 in Propulsion:  Parsons steam turbines turning four propellers Speed:  21  knots Complement:  1,001  men​ Armament 10 Ãâ€" 12 in./45 cal.  guns16 Ãâ€" 5  in.  guns2 Ãâ€" 21 in. torpedo tubes​ ​USS Utah (BB-31) - Design: The third type of American dreadnought battleship after the preceding  - and  classes, the  Florida-class was an evolution of these designs.   As with its forerunners,  design of the new type was  significantly influenced  by war games  conducted  at the US Naval War College.   This  was due to the fact that  no dreadnought battleships were yet in use when naval architects began their work.   Close to the  Delaware-class in arrangement, the  new type  saw the US Navy  switch from  vertical triple expansion steam engines to new steam turbines.   This change led to a lengthening of the engine rooms, removal of the after boiler room, and widening of the  remainder.   The larger boiler rooms led to an enlargement in  the overall beam of the  vessels which improved their buoyancy and metacentric height. The  Florida-class retained the fully-enclosed conning towers employed on the  Delawares as their effectiveness had been demonstrated at engagements such as the  Battle of Tsushima.   Other aspects of the superstructure, such as the funnels and lattice masts, were altered to some degree  relative to the  earlier design.   Though designers initially desired  to arm  the ships with eight 14 guns, these weapons were not  sufficiently developed and  naval architects  instead decided to  mount ten 12 guns in five twin turrets.   Placement of the turrets followed that of the  Delaware-class and saw  two situated forward in a superfiring arrangement (one firing over the other) and three aft.   The after turrets were arranged with one in a superfiring position over the other two which were located back-to-back on  the deck.   As with the preceding  ships, this layout proved problematic in that turret  Number 3  could not fire astern if Number 4 was trained forward.   Sixteen 5 guns were arranged in individual casemates as a secondary armament. Approved  by Congress, the  Florida-class consisted of  two battleships: USS  Ã‚  (BB-30) and USS  Utah  (BB-31).   Though mostly  identical,  Floridas design called for the construction  of a large, armored bridge which contained space for both directing the ship and fire control.   This proved successful and was utilized on later classes.   Conversely,  Utahs superstructure employed a traditional arrangement for these spaces.  The contract for building  Utah  went to New York Shipbuilding in Camden, NJ  and work commenced on March 9, 1909.   Building  continued over the next nine months and  the new dreadnought  slid down the ways on December 23, 1909, with Mary A. Spry, daughter of Utah  Governor William Spry, serving as sponsor.   Construction progressed over the next two  years and on August 31, 1911, Utah  enter commissioned with Captain William S. Benson in command. USS Utah (BB-31) - Early Career: Departing Philadelphia,  Utah  spent the fall conducting a shakedown cruise which included calls at Hampton Roads, Florida, Texas, Jamaica, and Cuba.   In March 1912, the battleship joined the Atlantic Fleet and commenced routine maneuvers and drills.   That summer,  Utah  embarked midshipmen from the US Naval Academy for a summer training cruise.   Operating off the New England coast, the battleship returned to Annapolis in late August.   Having completed this duty,  Utah  resumed peacetime training operations with the fleet.   These continued until late 1913 when it crossed the Atlantic and embarked on a goodwill tour of Europe and the Mediterranean. In early 1914, with tensions rising with Mexico, Utah  moved to the Gulf of Mexico.   On April 16, the battleship received orders to intercept the German steamer SS  Ypiranga  which contained an arms shipment for Mexican dictator Victoriano Huerta.   Eluding American warships, the steamer reached Veracruz.   Arriving at  the port,  Utah,  Florida, and additional warships  landed seamen and Marines on April 21 and, after a sharp battle, began the US occupation of Veracruz.   After remaining in Mexican waters for the next two months,  Utah  departed for New York where it entered the yard for an overhaul.   This complete, it rejoined the Atlantic Fleet and spent the next two years in its normal training cycle. USS Utah (BB-31) - World War I: With the US entry into World War I in April 1917, Utah  moved to the Chesapeake Bay where it spent the next sixteen months training engineers and gunners for the fleet.   In August 1918, the battleship received orders for Ireland and departed for Bantry Bay with Vice Admiral Henry T. Mayo, Commander-in-Chief of the Atlantic Fleet,  aboard.   Arriving,  Utah  became flagship  of Rear Admiral Thomas S. Rodgers Battleship Division 6.   For the final two months of the war, the battleship protected convoys in the Western Approaches with USS Nevada  (BB-36) and USS Oklahoma  (BB-37). In December,  Utah helped escort President Woodrow Wilson, aboard the liner SS  George Washington, to Brest, France as he traveled to the peace negotiations at Versailles. Returning to New York on Christmas Day,  Utah  remained there through January 1919 before resuming peacetime training with the Atlantic Fleet.   In July 1921, the battleship crossed the Atlantic and made port calls in Portugal and France.   Remaining abroad, it served as flagship of US Navys presence in Europe until October 1922.   Rejoining Battleship Division 6,  Utah took part in Fleet Problem III in early 1924 before embarking General John J. Pershing for a diplomatic tour of South America.   With the conclusion of this mission in March 1925, the battleship conducted a midshipman training cruise that summer before entering Boston Navy Yard for a significant modernization.   This saw its coal-fired boilers replaced with oil-fired ones, the trunking of its two funnels into one, and the removal of the aft cage mast.    USS Utah (BB-31) - Later Career: With the completion of the modernization in December 1925,  Utah  served with the Scouting Fleet.   On November 21, 1928, it again sailed for  sailing South America.   Reaching Montevideo, Uruguay,  Utah  brought on board President-elect Herbert Hoover.   After a brief call at Rio de Janeiro, the battleship returned Hoover home in early 1929.   The following year, the United States signed the London Naval Treaty.   A follow-on to the earlier Washington Naval Treaty, the agreement placed limits on the size of the signatories fleets.   Under the terms of the treaty,  Utah  underwent a conversion into an unarmed, radio-controlled target ship.   Replacing USS  Ã‚  (BB-29) in this role, it was re-designated AG-16.    Recommissioned  in April 1932,  Utah  shifted to San Pedro, CA in June.   Part of Training Force 1, the ship fulfilled its new role for the majority of the 1930s.   During this time, it also took part in Fleet Problem XVI as well as served as a training platform for anti-aircraft gunners.   Returning to the Atlantic in 1939,  Utah  participated in Fleet Problem XX in January and training with Submarine Squadron 6 later that fall.   Moving back to the Pacific the following year, it arrived at Pearl Harbor on August 1, 1940.   Over the next year it operated between Hawaii and the West Coast as well as served as a bombing target for aircraft from the carriers USS  Lexington  (CV-2), USS  Saratoga  (CV-3), and USS  Enterprise  (CV-6).    USS Utah (BB-31) - Loss at Pearl Harbor: Returning to Pearl Harbor in the fall of 1941, it was berthed off Ford Island on December 7 when the Japanese attacked.   Though the enemy focused their efforts on the ships moored along Battleship Row,  Utah  took a torpedo hit at 8:01 AM.   This was followed by a second which caused the ship to list to port.   During this time, Chief Watertender Peter Tomich remained below decks to ensure that key machinery continued to operate which allowed  the majority of the crew to evacuate.   For his actions, he posthumously received the Medal of Honor.   At 8:12 AM, Utah  rolled to port and capsized.   Immediately thereafter, its commander, Commander Solomon Isquith, could hear trapped crewmen banging on the hull. Securing torches, he attempted to cut as many men free as possible. In the attack,  Utah  suffered 64 killed.   Following the successful righting of  Oklahoma, attempts  were made to salvage the old ship.   These proved unsuccessful and efforts were abandoned as Utah  had no military value.   Formally decommissioned on September 5, 1944, the battleship was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register two months later.   The wreck remains in place at Pearl Harbor and is considered a war grave.   In 1972, a memorial was constructed to recognize  the sacrifice of  Utahs crew. Selected Sources: DANFS: USS  Utah  (BB-31)NHHC: USS  Utah  (BB-31)MaritimeQuest: USS  Utah  (BB-31)

The early life and reign of Julius Caesar Essay

The early life and reign of Julius Caesar - Essay Example Julius Caesars' early life and the beginning of his reign as leader of Rome was a very long, yet fulfilling journey. Where Julius Caesar was born and his upbringing influenced him greatly to become the leader of Rome. His accomplishments in his early reign were of extreme importance.Caesar was born in Rome into a well-known patrician family (gens Julia), which supposedly traced its ancestry to Julus, the son of the Trojan prince Aeneas (who according to myth was the son of Venus). A well-documented legend that exists is that, Caesar was born by Caesarian section and is therefore named that way, though it is considered improbable because at that time, it was only performed on dead women, and Julius Caesar's mother lived long after he was born. This legend is more likely a more recent creation, as the origin of the Caesarian section is in the Latin word for to cut, caedo, -ere, caesus sum.Caesar was raised in a modest apartment building (insula) in the Subura, a lower-class neighborhoo d of Rome. His family was not rich and by the then prevalent nobility at that time, there was not any wealthy or prominent family member in his family. However, they were socially distinguished since its members were patrician, and claimed descent from Venus and Aeneas. They had influential political connections and these were useful connections for his political aspirations. Caesar's aunt was married to the popular leader Marius, and he himself married Cornelia, the daughter of Cinna (a follower of Marius), refusing to divorce her when ordered to by the dictator Sulla. He was deeply in love with his wife and mourned her long and hard when Cornelia died in 69 BC. After that, he married for political gains though his choice of wife, Sulla's granddaughter Pompeia, who was also the daughter of Quintas Pompey, surprised quite a few in 67 BC. When Sulla died, Caesar began his political career in the Forum at Rome as an advocate, and his reputation as an orator grew in leaps and bounds. He was also known for his ruthless prosecution of former governors notorious for extortion and corruption. The great orator Cicero even commented, "Does anyone have the ability to speak better than Caesar" He had built solid relationships with Rome's great general and this was a point in his favor. He leaned more towards the populares side rather than the conservatives. The rivalry between Pompey and Caesar's benefactor, Crassus, seemed to have little effect on Caesar. Crassus continued to support Caesar's enormous debts over the next few years. Massive bribery with money borrowed from the rich and influential ex-consul Crassus also procured for him the politically important office of Pontifex Maximus in 63 BC. His personal life had a setback with the ending of his marriage. In 62 BC, Clodius, a Roman politician and Caesar's second wife, Pompeia, were involved in a scandal that took place at a religious festival at his house, concerning the violation of the secret rites of Bona Dea, and Caesar obtained a divorce, saying, "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion." Having served in Farther Spain as proconsul in 61 BC, he returned to Rome in 60 BC, ambitious for the consulate. He organized a coalition, known as the First Triumvirate, against a very strong opposing group, and was made up of made up of Pompey, commander in chief of the army; Crassus, who was powerful being the wealthiest man in Rome and Caesar himself. Pompey and Crassus had a strained relationship going but Caesar cleverly manipulated them to keep the arrangement in operation. Back in Rome in 60, he used force to pass legislation and took up the governorship of Gaul. He married Calpurnia, whose father Piso was made consul, and Pompey married Julia, daughter of Caesar and Cornelia. Caesar continued in Gaul, for eight long years and annexed the whole of modern France and Belgium to the Roman Empire, and making Rome safe from the possibility of Gallic invasions. Pompey and Crauss were constantly at each other's throat and Caesar kept

Write a single page summarizing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write a single page summarizing - Essay Example The company was happy with the product, which manifested great features as compared to Apple II. However, the happiness was cut short, two months after introduction. The project did not consider the available software, as only three existed. Evidently, no software was expected at the time for a period of six months hence making operations difficult. Apple III software was buggy and crashed even at little functions such as the save command. Certainly, this caused frustration among journalists interested in exploring the new device. The problems did not stop at the software, but the motherboard also got hot hence pushing chips out of their sockets. In response, Apple officials advised customers to drop their systems for reset. Nonetheless, the project came at a halt when IBM launched a more effective computer at lower prices ($1,565) than Apple. In this light, customers crossed over to IBM PC without giving apple even the alternative option hence the

Evidence Base Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evidence Base Nursing - Essay Example From this study it is clear that  Ms Ward has the ethical responsibility of making sure that the subjects or participants are not exposed to any kind of harm, direct or indirect when the research is being conducted. She bears the responsibility of safe guarding the subjects and patients from any kind of harm including physical, social, mental, spiritual and financial.This paper outlines that in the given scenario above, it seems logical to increase the costs of the study than compromise the quality of the data. In case Ms. Ward does have and can use some funds allocated to the study and research, by having nurse to go to the homes of these men for the collection of data and samples. Burdens and benefits should be distributed fairly and looking at the plight of these old and troubled men, it seems only fair that their burdens are reduced. Since all these patients do not appear to be well off, Ms Ward should ask for a change in protocol and get permission for a nurse to visit these m en for the collection of samples and data.  From the case study above, it is apparent that the group of male subjects belongs to â€Å"vulnerable population†, â€Å"those unable or incapable of giving informed consent or those who may be at high risk for unintended consequences†.  The men are undergoing chemotherapy and their disease has progressed and can be categorized as â€Å"terminally ill persons†.  It is Ms Ward’s ethical duty to carefully weigh the risks and benefits of the research with this vulnerable group.... Nurses may play distinct roles including those of researchers, data collectors, managers, practitioners or any third party witnessing research activity (The Royal College of Nursing Research Society: nurses and research ethics, 2003). Regardless of the role played by nurses, it is essential for them to review their actions and their impact on "vulnerable subjects or participants" (The Royal College of Nursing Research Society: nurses and research ethics, 2003). This paper aims to analyze a specific ethical concern faced by a nurse responsible for collecting data from a subject of elderly males undergoing chemotherapy. Would it be ethical to compromise the quality of the data or to increase the costs of the study Please explain clearly Why As the principle investigator, Ms Ward is familiar with the ethical principles and the human rights of the subject. It is also Ms Ward's responsibility to ensure that appropriate decisions as and when changes are noticed in the condition of the patients while the study is conducted. Ms Ward also bears the responsibility of sharing any important patient related health information with the review board and the protocol committee so that accurate decisions may be taken (American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, Web). Before coming to any strong conclusion, it is important to judge the scenario presented in the case above. The trial is funded by millions of dollars every year Patients are severely ill and are receiving chemotherapy The disease has progressed The men are elderly and have difficulty in moving around Before all else, Ms Ward has the ethical responsibility of making sure that the subjects

Recruitment and selection methods and procedures of IBM

Recruitment and selection methods and procedures of IBM Increased globalisation coupled with enhanced customer expectations makes it very difficult for a firm to grow and succeed. Firms need to constantly change the way they react and adapt to this ever changing global environment. Attracting and retaining high quality individuals can lead a firm to have a competitive edge. One of the ways in which a firm can achieve competitive advantage is by attracting and retaining high quality individuals (Newell as cited in Bach, 2005). Telephone call centres today are part of the ever changing global environment (Callaghan and Thompson, 2002). In recent years there has been increased migration of call centre operations to Asia especially India due to comparatively less expensive labour, infrastructure and technology (Taylor and Bain, 2005). According to Mirchandani (2004), in the year 2003, there were approximately 800 call centres set up in India which employed more than 2 million Indians. This fast growth has caused increased attention from policy makers, the media and academics (Kinnie et al, 2000). Most of the research relating to call centres has been confined to countries like the UK and the US with a lot of focus on subject areas like work relations, labour processes and emotional labour (Callaghan and Thompson, 2002; Budhwar et al, 2006). On the contrary, a very limited research has been undertaken in the field of recruitment and selection Not much research has been carried out on the recruitment and selection practices and procedures in the Indian call centre context. Purpose of the research This research aims at evaluating the recruitment and selection methods and procedures of IBM Daksh, a rapidly growing call centre in India, in a critical way. The aim of this research is to critically evaluate the recruitment and selection practice and procedures in IBM Daksh, which is one of the fastest growing call centres in India. Company background IBM Daksh, which is one of the amongst the largest call centres in India, was used for the purpose of the report. IBM Daksh offers business performance improvement rather than just cost-savings and is a step closer to Business Transformation Outsourcing (BTO) (IBM Daksh website). IBM Daksh focuses on improving business through performance along with cost-savings and is closely moving towards business transformation outsourcing. In April 2004, IBM Corporation acquired Daksh e-Services to form IBM Daksh. IBM Daksh today serves as a global hub to manage business processes for clients across the world. With 25 service delivery centres in India and the Philippines, IBM Daksh is an integral part of IBMs Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) delivery network around the world. Today, IBM Daksh employs more than 30,000 people and has won several major awards for employee satisfaction, delivery excellence, innovation, and diversity and inclusivity (IBM Daksh website). IBM daksh today, acts an international hub for managing business processes for customers all over the world. It serves as an integral part to IBMs business process outsourcing network with 25 service centres in india and the Philippines. Research objectives: The following are the research objectives: RESEARCH QUESTION 1 What are the recruitment methods used in IBM Daksh? RESEARCH QUESTION 2 What are the selection methods used in IBM Daksh? RESEARCH QUESTION 3 What are the positive and negative aspects of the recruitment and selection process in IBM Daksh? Report Structure The next section of the report will conduct a literature review which will examine various academic perspectives. The third section of the report is the methodology which explains the various methods used and gives a justification for the choice of methods. The third section of the report describes the methodology, detailing the different methods used and gives a justification for the choice of methods. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW This section examines the academic literature within the proposed research area. The aim of the literature review is to look at the various stages of the recruitment and selection cycle. Although all the sections within the literature review are interlinked it has been divided into sections and sub-sections to help guide the reader through the report. Section one will outline the significance of recruitment and selection. Section two will discuss the process of HR planning. Section three will examine the different stages in the systematic approach to recruitment and selection. Section four will explain how HRM contributes to recruitment and selection. Section 1 2.1 Significance of Recruitment and selection for businesses In most academic literature the terms Recruitment and Selection (RS) are used together, however it is necessary at the very onset to explain the difference between the two terms as recruitment and selection are entirely two different functions of HR as they are completely two different functions of HR (Taylor, 2005). According to dowling and schuler recruitment refers to Dowling and Schuler (1990), define recruitment as searching for and obtaining potential job candidates in sufficient numbers and quality that the organisation can select the most appropriate people to fill its job needs (cited in Beardwell and Holden, 2001:226). Whereas, Selection techniques are used to decide which of the applicants is best suited to fill in the vacancy in question (Taylor, 2005:166). The process of recruitment and selection is considered to be as one of the four fundamental functions of Human resource management; recruitment, training, compensation and employee relations (350). The process of recru itment and selection is considered to be amongst the four fundamental functions of human resource management; recruiting, training, compensation and employee relations. Hiring competent and proficient individuals is of utmost significance which, solely relies on the effectiveness of recruitment and selection procedures. Having the right people at the right time in the right place, willing and able to work effectively, at a cost that the organisation can afford, is something for which all managers strive for. The significance of this should not be over looked as incorrect RS decisions can lead an organisation to incur heavy losses in terms of productivity, clients, training and advertising related costs which sum up to almost 30% of an individuals first year earnings (Bach, 2005). The most important features of RS are that it should be effective, efficient and fair. Efficient relates to cost effective methods and sources (ACAS, 2010). It is necessary to decide the need for recruitment, the source and the media to be used and at what cost. The process of recruitment can lead to various expenses such as such as advertising, employee referral bonuses, a gency fees, staff travel, and relocation costs and recruiters salary. Thus, choosing a cost effective approach is dependent on factors specific to each organisation and the various kinds of vacancies (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2005).It should be effective in attracting a good number of quality of candidates (ACAS, 2010). Fair means ensuring that the decisions made during the process is based on merit alone (ACAS, 2010). In order to reduce the risks of discrimination lawsuits, organizations should make use of fair and legal procedures (tme). Also, it is essential to consider Legal issues when recruiting, particularly in the design and wording of adverts and in online channels (hrmaw).These three criteria are crucial for organisational success. Section 3 2.3 Systematic approach to Recruitment and Selection There seems to be a general agreement within the literature that the most popular approach to recruitment and selection is the systematic approach (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002; CIPD, 2009). According to Roberts (1997), a systematic approach to recruitment helps to streamline selection and help decrease cost. It also helps to better organisational performance and foster good employee relations (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002). In recent years, organizations are realizing that the failure to recruit employees systematically can impact their success (tme). Adopting a more systematic approach to recruitment and selection helps reduce bias and errors (Bach, 2005). The systematic approach is built on the concept that a system has inputs (candidates), processing units (RS methods) and outputs (effective employees or unsuccessful candidates). This system is subject to external influences such as labour market conditions, competitor activity and legal obligations (ibid, 2002). Within the system each stage affects and is co-dependent upon the others. For instance, a sophisticated selection tool is useless if the recruitment methods fail to supply a sufficient quality and quantity of applicants (ibid, 2002). The literature review will discuss the systems approach (Table 1.1) described by Pilbeam and Corbridge (2002) to provide a framework for the RS process. This approach is supported by various other research perspectives. Table 1.1 The recruitment and selection sub-systems Sub-systems Purpose Activities Attraction Attracting suitable candidates Pre-recruitment activity establishing a case for recruitment; consideration of the labour market Use of recruitment methods Responding to enquiries. Reduction Eliminating unsuitable candidates Filtering, screening and short listing. Selection Assessing, choosing and appointing a suitable candidate. Use of selection methods and techniques Making the appointment offer and Acceptance Transition Converting the successful candidate to an effective employee Pre-engagement process Induction and appraisal. Source: Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002 2.3. STAGE 1: ATTRACTION Establishing a case for recruitment According to Plumbley (1985) any vacancy which is created either through resignation, dismissal or increased workload presents management an opportunity and with a choice. The opportunity is freedom to consider whether the job is necessary (and, hence, a chance to re-allot the work). The choice is between recruitment and other courses of action (such as internal promotion or temporary transfer) (ibid, 1985 pp:15). Job analysis, Job descriptions and Person specifications The next stage after the case for recruitment is established is the process of job analysis, writing up job descriptions and person specifications. According to Robert (1997), job analysis is the basis for effective recruitment and selection. Job analysis is imperative because it provides the information required for two documents: job description and person specification. Job analysis also looks at how each job fits into the organisation, what its purpose is, and at the skills and personality traits required to carry it out. A number of distinct methods such as interviews, questionnaires, diaries and observation are employed for gathering job analysis data (Taylor, 2005). As stated earlier, from the job analysis the job description and person specification is written. Job descriptions relate to the tasks to be undertaken, whereas person specifications outline the human attributes seen as necessary to do the job. Most employers in large organisations make use of job descriptions and person specifications to draw potential candidates (Taylor, 2005). Person specification can be drawn up using two well known frameworks, Rodgers Seven Point Plan (1952) and Frasers Five-point plan (1966). These frameworks however, include some categories which are inappropriate and potentially discriminatory, for example, categories relating to disposition or interests (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002). Therefore, the recruitment teams in call centres must have a clear understanding of anti-discrimination laws and equality laws before publishing any job description or person specification. Pilbeam and Corbridge, (2002) emphasise the significance of skills, aptitude and knowledg e included in the person specifications and should specifically relate to job needs. Competency-based approach Competency framework is the alternative approach to the job analysis process. This approach has overcome a number of drawbacks of the job analysis/ person specification/ job description process. Competencies were defined by Boyzatis (1982) as an underlying characteristic of a person which results in effective and superior performance in a job (Taylor, 2005: 156-157). The most significant advantage of the competency framework is its focus on the behaviours of applicants. There is therefore no need to make inferences about personal qualities that might underpin behaviour (Newell and Shackleton, 2001:26 as cited in Marchington and Wilkinson, 2005:169). In addition, the competencies can be related to specific performance outcomes rather than being concerned with potentially inappropriate processes, such as disposition or interests outside work (ibid, 2005). According to an Industrial Relations Survey (IRS) study the most commonly used competencies are team orientation, communication, peo ple management, customer focus, results-orientation and problem-solving (Rankin and Epstein, 2001). In call centres there is emphasis on social competencies which are essential to ensure an effective interaction between the employee and the customer. `It is this interaction that is crucial to customer satisfaction` (Newell, 2005 as cited in Bach, 2005:116). For example, a detailed case study of recruitment in a call centre was conducted by Callaghan and Thompson (2002) who found that competencies such as communication, customer focus, building relationships and problem solving were important. Despite the many advantages of this approach, critiques suggest that it could lead to a form of cloning where all new recruits tend to behave similarly to those already in the posts; hence diversity is lost (Taylor, 2005). Recruitment methods After all the preparatory work is complete, in terms of planning, forecasting and job analysis the stage of recruitment can begin. It is imperative that organisations analyse the costs involved in selecting the methods of recruitment (tme). There are a range of recruitment methods from which call centres must choose, these can be used exclusively or in combination. They are listed in Table 2.The objective of a recruitment method is to attract an appropriate number of suitable candidates at the least cost (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002). Table 1.2 Recruitment methods Recruitment Method Examples Internal methods Internal promotion, internal transfers, job rotation schemes, rehiring former staff Print media National newspapers, local newspaper, trade and professional journal, magazines Education liaison Careers services, career fairs, college tutors External agencies Job centres, outplacement consultants, head-hunters, employment agencies, recruitment consultants Other media Direct mail, local radio, internet, cinema Professional contacts Conferences, trade union referrals, suppliers, industry contacts Other methods factory gate posters, past applicant records, open days, word of mouth, poaching Source: Taylor (2005: 170) Recruitment can be internal, which attempts to fill vacancies from the pool of existing workers or external, which recruits individuals from outside, the choice and timing of which varies between organisations. Many organisations today attempt internal recruitment because it is cost effective (Taylor, 2005). Other advantages include building on existing staffs skills and training and providing opportunities for promotion and development (ACAS, 2010)acas 2009. There are disadvantages, however, of relying on internal recruitment as it can be potentially unfair and discriminatory, since it tends to perpetuate the existing workforce. It also prevents the organisation from bringing in new talent, which can only come through external recruitment (Bach, 2005). When existing employees are encouraged and rewarded for introducing suitable recruits it is termed as employee referrals (CIPD, 2009). The advantage of this method is that the new recruits are likely to have a better understanding of the organisations culture and values as well as the nature of work as compared to the average recruit. Call centres encourage this method as it is cost efficient (Bach. 2005). However, it is important that employers do not rely on this scheme as it limits attracting a diverse workforce (CIPD, 2009). Many Call centres attempt external recruitment because internal sources are often not sufficient enough to supply a suitable pool of applications (Newell, 2005 as cited in Bach, 2005). Table 2 lists the different types of recruitment methods. When there is pressure to fill in vacancies very quickly, often methods like employment agencies, job centres, and local papers that advertise positions on a daily basis can be used (Taylor, 2005). The external agencies already have a pool of potential applicants registered with them so they can provide a quick recruitment turn around time (ACAS, 2010). Since many call centres have to fill in vacancies within days they often rely on employment agencies (Kinnie, et al., 2000) who take over a larger part of the recruitment process by advertising, they also sift initial applicants and provide employers with a short-list of candidates (Taylor, 2005). According to IRS (1997) corporate websites and local newspapers are used universally to attract applicants (used by 75% of organisations) (CIPD, 2009). Job advertisements are quick way of attracting a large pool of candidates. When placing a job advertisement, there are many factors which should be considered like the content, the layout (example size, position and typeface) and the timing (example dates). Table 3 provides a suggested content checklist against which the advertisement used in IBM Daksh can later be measured. Table 1.3: Suggested content for Recruitment advertisements Content Organisations name and logo The job title and brief description of the job (duties involved and main aspects of the person specification, and main aspects of the person specification and any qualifications required) Where the job is based The salary (either the amount or scale) any allowances and facilities An equal opportunities statement Application procedures, the closing date (and interview date) Where to get further details Source: Taylor (2005) Other ways of attracting applicants include building links with local colleges, working with job centre and holding open days (CIPD, 2009). When deciding which method to use, Taylor (2005) suggests that organisations should consider how precisely the approach adopted will reach its target audience. Recruitment of the right people is the most important role of the recruiters in call centres (Townsend, 2005). Therefore it is of utmost importance to invest time and effort right from the outset of the recruitment process. STAGE 2 REDUCTION The attraction of applicants is succeeded by efforts to narrow down the total number of applications received to a pool of candidates that can be managed effectively in the more detailed assessment stage of selection process (CIPD, 2009). This can be done indirectly through the characteristics of the recruitment activity, and directly through using the person specification criteria. The processes involved are filtering, screening and short listing, by an assessment of the application form or CV (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002). Application forms and Curriculum Vitas (CV) The application form and the CV are principle tools for the applicant in the selection process. Many organisations use application forms which allow information to be gathered in a standardised way (Searle, 2003). Some studies have shown it is used in 98 percent of selection projects (Roberts, 2005). With the growth of the internet many organisations now use online applications especially for jobs that receive large volumes of applicants (Searle, 2003). Most employers make use of both CVs and application forms (Taylor, 2005). From the perspective of the employer there are advantages and disadvantages to both approaches. A CV is an opportunity for candidates to sell themselves and can thus tailor their application in their own way, however this can be a disadvantage as well as candidates could over sell themselves to a potential employer. They may also include irrelevant information in the CVs (ibid, 2005). Application forms, on the other hand provide the organisation with only the information it requests and hence aids the short listing and interview process (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002). Application forms have become so much a part of the process that it is wholly expected by the candidates and taken for granted by the recruiters. According to Roberts (2005: 103) `It is probably one of the most maligned and misused recruitment tools`. Much of the information it requests is for administration purposes which can be collected at a later stage. The application form should focus only on the job and its related selection criteria (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002). According to Taylor (2005), the application form should be designed clearly, use concise language and have a good layout. If it is designed carefully and administered sensitively and sensibly it can become an extremely effective part of the overall selection process (Plumbley, 1985). Short listing This process reduces the number of candidates proceeding to the selection stage by assessing the application form or CV. Research indicates that this process is often subjective, inconsistent and lacking focus (Roberts, 1997). There are a number of simple principles to guide the construction of a final shortlist. First, assessments should be made against the criteria using the person specification or competency framework and each application can then be rated according to these standards or a scoring system can be used (CIPD, 2009). Second, a shortlist should be of a manageable size in relation to the resources of the organisation and the selection methods being employed (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002). Third, contingency arrangements should be made to compensate for candidates who withdraw due to the time spent on short listing (ibid, 2002). STAGE 3 SELECTION The RS process can be made more systematic however it will unavoidably remain subjective. A structured RS system with rigour and consistency in the application of selection methods is highly desirable, but the appointment decision remains a matter of human judgement (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002:139). The selection choice is dependent on factors such as type and level of job, abilities of the manager involved, time required, accuracy demanded and cost (Torrington, et al., 1991). The process should be fair to selected and unsuccessful candidates with a degree of flexibility to ensure its the most appropriate means of selecting a candidate in question (CIPD, 2009). Wrong decisions not only affect the various individuals associated with them (employers, applicants, agencies) but also result to frustration, repetive training and low morale prior to the termination of the newly hired employee. Small organisations are affected more by such decisions, while large scale organisations can reta in or relocate the inappropriate placement, such a luxury can be very expensive for small scale organisations (tme). This section reviews selection methods which relate to those used in IBM Daksh. Many of the methods such as work sampling, assessment centres and graphology are not used by IBM Daksh due to the nature of the work. Hence this section examines interviews and ability tests in detail. Sound selection decisions ensure the organisations that their financial investments in the employees will pay off (tme). It is important to mention that no single method, regardless of how well it is designed and administered, is capable of producing perfect selection decisions that predict with certainty which individuals will perform well in a particular role. Employers are therefore use a combination of various methods (Marchington and Wilkinson, 2005). Ability tests Ability tests or aptitude tests focus on numeric, verbal reasoning, abstract reasoning and logical reasoning (Taylor, 2005). The aim of tests is to increase the quality of selection decisions (Torrington et al, 1991). According to Plumbley (1985) tests can help measure some attributes which are difficult to measure in an interview and thus reduce subjective judgement and of possible human error in the selection process as a whole. According to ACAS (2009) candidates for telesales/call centre work will almost invariably be asked to undertake a practical test for verbal reasoning. Tests scores should be used to supplement the interview. It is critical that those who administer the tests should be qualified to interpret them hence training for administrators is necessary (Torrington et al, 1991). The interview The purpose of the interview is two-fold. One is to find out if the candidate is suitable for the job, and second is to give the candidate information about the job and the organisation. There is a general agreement within the literature that traditional selection interviews are poor predictors of future job performance (Torrington et. al, (1999); ACAS, 2010; Plumbley (1985). The term traditional refers to unstructured interviews in which the interviewer may ask different sets of questions to different candidates (Taylor, 2005: 210). Quick judgements are a common pitfall in the use of interviews (Roberts, 2005). According to Webster (1964, as cited in Torrington et al, 1991) interviewers often decide whether to accept or reject a candidate within four minutes, and then look for evidence to justify their decision. Literature recommends that the interviewer spends adequate time in listening to the candidates (ibid, 1991). Another pitfall is the concentration span of interviewers, which tends to drop in the course of the interview and hence it is recommended that note taking helps in continued concentration (Roberts, 2005). Despite the problems associated with interviews, it is one of the most widely used selection techniques, and the validity of face-to-face conversation is high (Torrington et al, 1991). Recent studies by the CIPD have shown that interviews are used in 90 percent of selection processes (Roberts, 2005). Literature advocates the use of structured interviews rather than unstructured. Research by Barclay (1999, as cited in Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002) found that structured interviews have recently gained popularity. A structured interview is designed to determine all the relevant information and assess the competencies of the applicant. This method focuses on the match between job and candidate (acas, 2009) which helps better selection decisions and better consistency and fairness in the treatment of candidates (Taylor, 2005). Job offer and Rejection It is important to inform all the applicants of the outcome as soon as possible, whether successful or unsuccessful. If the decision is delayed (acas 2009) the candidates should be advised. Unsuccessful candidates should be given feedback on any aspects they could reasonably improve for future success (ACAS, 2010). For the successful candidates the job offer and acceptance formalises the relationship between the employer and employee. An offer of employment is normally a written document which should include all the features of employment, for example job, hours, start date, pay and benefits (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002). Torrington et al. (1991) suggests that it is essential to send the offer letter to the candidate as soon as possible, as the best candidates may have offers elsewhere. STAGE 4 TRANSITION Induction Induction is used in the workplace context to help employees adjust and acclimatise to their jobs and working environment (CIPD, 2010). According to CIPD (2010) a good induction should consist of the following elements: Orientation (physical) describing where the facilities are. Orientation (organisational) explaining how the employee fits into the team and how their role fits with the organisations strategy and goals. Health and safety information Explanation of the terms and conditions Details of the organisations history, culture and values. A clear outline of the job/role requirements. A good induction is an important element in contributing to the successful transition from an applicant to an employee (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2002). It is essential to have a well-designed induction programme to create a good first impression and make the employees feel welcome. It also helps increase employee retention (Taylor, 2005; CIPD, 2010). Section 4 The importance of HRM in Recruitment and Selection The human resource department of an organisation plays a vital role in the process of recruitment and selection (Browning et al, 2009). The entire setting of human resource function in hiring candidates is interconnected with the recruitment and the human resources strategy. Human resource managers play a significant role in the recruitment and selection process. It is essential to identify the appropriate candidate requirements and ways to attract them (Bach, 2005). Traditionally, human resource managers were required to administer the entire process of recruitment. The managers were accountable for managing the advertising and monitoring of vacancies, but the human resource managers were not much influential in the overall recruitment process. However, as the need for human resources in organisations is increasing, certain changes in the human resource strategy were incorporated. Human resource managers are delegated the entire responsibility of managing organisational personnel an d in such circumstances the process of recruitment and selection takes the first place. It is the basic and major role of any human resource department to hire competent candidates for the organisation (Budhwar and Boyne, 2004). Human resource activities are directly related to the productivity. Extensive recruitment and selection strategies can lead to an increase in the productivity. Moreover investments in the area of Human Resources are in align with the fiscal progress of the organisation such as training and development, Recruitment and selection (hrmrs). Generally human resource managers consider issues related to HR as significant to organizational success. It is necessary to include line managers in the decision making process with regards to human resources. However, the use of such practices differs from organisation to organisation (hrmrs). it has been found that the integration of HR into the firms strategies, is significantly related to outputs of turnover, productivity and financial performance (hrmrs). CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY This section describes the various methods that will be used in this report and will attempt to give a justification for the choice of methods. 3.1 Research Philosophy Research philosophy relates to the development of